Hakim Sanai Ghazni and the Characteristics of His Qasidas

Abstract

Hakim Sanai of Ghazna (Abu al-Majd Majdud ibn Adam Sanai) was a prominent Persian poet, mystic, and intellectual of the 5th and early 6th centuries AH. He is regarded as the pioneer of introducing Sufism into Persian poetry and is often called the father of mystical Persian verse. His most influential mystical work is Hadiqat al-Haqiqat. This paper explores Sanai’s life, intellectual journey, and literary contributions, particularly focusing on the unique features of his qasidas. Sanai's poetry represents a transformation from courtly praise to moral and mystical themes, reflecting a profound spiritual and ethical evolution. His influence is seen in later Sufi poets such as Attar and Rumi. The study also addresses Sanai’s poetic style, thematic diversity, and his critical role in the evolution of Persian literary mysticism